How Zener Diode Works As Regulator

A zener diode is very useful when you have a load that needs a steady voltage. A zener diode is a special type of diode that lies at the heart of voltage regulators and circuits generating the reference voltage for a differential amplifier.

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The usp of a zener diode is that it conducts current in both directions but what is so unique or special about that.

How zener diode works as regulator. This makes it possible to use a zener diode as a constant voltage device or a voltage regulator. When a resistor zener chain is used as a regulator the maximum and minimum current draw from the load needs to be taken into account. A zener diode has a relatively steep voltage to current curve in the reverse bias mode at its reverse bias breakdown voltage.

The main use of zener diode lies in the fact that the voltage across a zener diode remains constant for a larger change in current. And the zener diode keeps a relatively constant voltage at a base voltage of transistor q1. A zener diode voltage regulator is inefficient when the supply is used with equipment that draws high current.

Then the base emitter voltage rises. When connected in parallel with a variable voltage source so that it is reverse biased a zener diode conducts when the voltage reaches the diodes reverse breakdown voltage. When used as a reference the zener diode is still a regulator just for a rather low current which makes the stress on the components low.

The zener voltage regulator consists of a current limiting resistor rs connected in series with the input voltage vs with the zener diode connected in parallel with the load rl in this reverse biased condition. This video walks through how to do just that as well as calculate currents. Thus the zener diode serves two purposes here.

The zener diode gives a reference voltage. First enter an unregulated dc supply to an input terminal. And the regulated output is across the load.

Zener diode as a voltage. In a dc circuit zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference. Zener diode as a voltage regulator as well as it protects the load from excessive current.

If the output voltage low down. When a supply must deliver a lot of current a power transistor is used along with the zener diode as shown below. Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across small circuits.

The stabilized output voltage is always selected to be the same as the breakdown voltage vz of the diode. There are two interesting states. By placing a resistor in series with the zener diode with both of them across a relatively stable voltage source at the nominal bias current typically 75 ma depending on the diode you get a very stable voltage reference.

The zener diode provides a path for the current to flow and hence the load gets protected from excessive currents.

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